The classical conditioning theory was first discovered by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov by accident while experimenting about digestion in dogs. The repetitive trial of pairing the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus leads to the neutral or conditioned stimulus causing the organism to produce the conditioned response. The conditioned stimulus is neutral prior to the experiment. To demonstrate this process, a flow diagram is provided following the reference pages.read more.Simply put, an organism is conditioned in such an environment that it produces the conditioned response from the conditioned stimulus. The dog?s reflexive behavior would at last be changed. By pairing the neutral stimulus (tainted chicken) with the conditioned stimulus (the chickens) he would ultimately evoke the desired response of the dog no longer desiring the chickens in his coop. The expected results of the famer were that the dog would learn a new behavior, and stop killing his chickens. The farmer used classical conditioning to discourage the dog from desiring the chickens by using an unconditioned stimulus: tainted chicken. The dog had come to like killing the chickens while the farmer and his family slept. The use of classical conditioning can be seen in the example of the dog who continually found his way into a chicken coop at night. Watson set the standard for the use of classical conditioning for numerous types of behavioral modification and learning theories. The scenarios provided by Ivan Pavlov and John B. read more.Ĭlassical conditioning is a spontaneous or reflexive form of learning the ultimate goal of classical conditioning is to evoke a particular desired reflex via a neutral stimulus by coupling the neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes the desired reflex. The key fundamentals of classical conditioning for this scenario are the unconditioned stimulus (US), the unconditioned response (UR), the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the conditioned response (CR). After a number of pairings, of the UC stimulus (the chickens) and the conditioned stimulus (the tainted chicken), the dog would smell the chickens, become anxious, and make haste for the henhouse door. The farmer continued placing the dog into the henhouse each night before retiring each time he did this, the dog would smell the chicken, eat the meat first and become sick. Each time the dog was placed into the chicken coop, he ate the tainted chicken and became sick. The farmer placed the tainted chicken in the chicken coop where the dog would find it first, and then placed the dog into the chicken coop. To discourage the dog from wanting the chickens, the farmer decided to take some of the meat that came from one of his chickens and taint it with a drug that would not be fatal but would cause the dog to become nauseated and disoriented after eating the meat. The farmer had to find a way to stop the dog from desiring the chickens. According to A Dictionary of Psychology (2010), classical conditioning is defined as ?One of the two major forms of conditioning, being the. The focus of this paper will be on the type of learning introduced by Pavlov by way of his experiments with dogs and classical conditioning. Watson extended the work of Pavlov and applied his work to human beings (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2010). Once this had been accomplished, Pavlov began to pair meat powder with a variety of stimuli like ringing a bell therefore, Pavlov had established how stimulus-response bonds, that some consider the essential foundation of learning, were formed. The general idea of Pavlov?s experiments was the presentation of food as a stimulus to the dog. Associative learning comes in two forms: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Associative learning is achieved by creating a new association that connects events in one?s environment. Although a number of forms of learning exist, the most fundamental type of learning is associative learning. Watson (1878-1958), who studied the effects of classical conditioning in infants. Ivan Pavlov and the Theory of Classical Conditioning Historiography PSY496 Robert Shannon Learning by way of classical conditioning was introduced by Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), a Russian physiologist, in 1903, and by John B.
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